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The Russian-Ukrainian border is the international state border between Russia and Ukraine, which formally has been in existence since Ukraine's independence from the Soviet Union, on August 24, 1991. Over land the border outlines five oblasts (regions) of Ukraine and five oblasts of the Russian Federation. Since the spring of 2014 the border has been compromised due to the 2014–15 Russian military intervention in Ukraine. In 2014, the Ukrainian government unveiled a plan to build a defensive walled system along the border with Russia, named "Project Wall". It would cost almost $520 million, take four years to complete and has been under construction as of 2015.〔 ==History== (詳細はUkrainian SSR and the Russian SFSR. The first real demarcation took place in May 1918 in Kursk.〔''Regional history of Ukraine. Collection of scientific articles''. Vol.3. "Institute of History of Ukraine (NANU)". Kiev, 2009〕 After the fall of the Russian Empire, most of Ukraine (Ukrainian People's Republic) was overran by Red Guards of the Soviet Russia. With the help of Central Powers, Ukraine managed to recover all its territories of "Ukrainian governorates" and also annexed number of neighboring counties of Kursk and Voronezh governorates where ethnic composition of population was predominantly Ukrainophone (Ukrainian speaking).〔Yefimenko, H. ''(About the border between the Soviet Ukraine and the Bolshevik Russia, 1919 ). Ukrayinska Pravda (Historic pravda). 10 March 2014〕 On May 6, 1918 a ceasefire agreement was signed in Konotop between Ukraine and the Soviet Russia.〔 Between the fighting sides was created a neutral territory between 10–40 km wide to prevent further aggression, yet the Russian side decided to create some guerrilla forces which were transformed in two "Ukrainian divisions"〔 (see Nikolay Shchors). Peace talks started on May 23, 1918 in Kiev where the Russian delegation was headed by Christian Rakovsky and Dmitry Manuilsky, while the Ukrainian - by Serhiy Shelukhin (Ambassador of Ukraine to Russia).〔 On June 12, 1918 the sides signed the preliminary peace treaty.〔 Further negotiations stalled due to lack of consensus on issue of the border.〔 The Ukrainian side was proposing an ethnic principle based on the already established political, geographical and economic aspects, while the Russian side insisted on conducting a plebiscite in each populated place.〔 On June 22, 1918 both sides finally agreed to go along with the Ukrainian proposition, while any contested issues would be decided by plebiscite.〔 Yet any further negotiations led nowhere and were terminated by the Ukrainian delegation in October 1918 as it was becoming apparent that the Russian was using their time more for the pro-Soviet propaganda.〔 More productive were negotiations between the Don Republic and Ukraine that started their negotiations soon after the Don Republic formed its government on May 16, 1918.〔 The Don side was presented by the Minister of trade Vladimir Lebedev and the Ambassador of Don to Ukraine General Aleksandr Cheriachukin, while the Ukrainian side - by the Minister of Foreign Affairs Dmytro Doroshenko.〔 On August 8, 1918 the sides signed the treaty "About basic principles of bilateral relations" where every side agreed to renounce its territorial contests against each other and border was established based on the gubernatorial division of the Russian Empire.〔 The Don-Ukraine border outlined the Oblast of Don Host to the west of Don Republic and Yekaterinoslav, Kharkiv, Voronezh guberniyas to the east of Ukraine.〔 To Ukraine also was ceded some territory of right bank Kalmius river just east of Mariupol "to ensure the proper administration of the city and port".〔 On September 18, 1918 between Don and Ukraine was created Don-Ukrainian Commission in administration of the Taganrog Industrial District based in Kharkiv.〔 After the second invasion of the Soviet troops in 1919, the new Soviet government of Ukraine intended to retain all territorial gains of the Ukrainian national government (Ukrainian State).〔 However, after several rounds of negotiations, the border between the "Ukrainian governorates" (Chernihiv and Kharkiv) and the "Russian governorates" (Bryansk and Kursk) were left intact.〔 It also was agreed that Ukraine will border Crimea at the Perekop Isthmus.〔 On March 10, 1919 a border treaty was signed between the Russian SFSR and the Ukrainian SSR.〔 On April 24, 1919 the Ukrainian SSR was stripped off four counties of the Chernihiv Governorate that on the unilateral decision of the People's Commissariat of Foreign Affaris of the Russian SFSR were transferred to the newly created Gomel Governorate.〔 On April 28, 1919 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine simply acknowledged it.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Russia–Ukraine border」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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